Pathways is a novel framework designed to seamlessly train massive language models (LLMs) at an unprecedented scale. The central objective of Pathways is to address the challenges inherent with growing LLMs, particularly in terms of memory constraints. By leveraging a modular architecture, Pathways

Dealing with massive datasets presents unique challenges, particularly when it comes to efficiently retrieving specific ranges of data. B-trees, renowned for their logarithmic search time complexity, offer a powerful solution for indexing and querying large key ranges. However, as the scale of data